HTML Entities Reference — Complete List of Special Characters
Complete HTML entity reference for special characters, symbols, math, currency, arrows, Greek letters, and more. With named, decimal, and hex codes.
Reference for HTML character entities — the named, decimal, and hex codes used to represent special characters in HTML. Use the HTML encoder/decoder to convert any text in real time.
Reserved HTML characters (always encode)
| Char | Named | Decimal | Hex | Why |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| < | < | < | < | Opens HTML tag |
| > | > | > | > | Closes HTML tag |
| & | & | & | & | Starts entity |
| " | " | " | " | Quotes attribute |
| ' | ' | ' | ' | Quotes attribute (XHTML) |
Whitespace + invisible
| Char | Named | Decimal | Hex |
|---|---|---|---|
| (non-breaking space) | |   |   |
| (thin space) |   |   |   |
| (em space) |   |   |   |
| (en space) |   |   |   |
| (zero-width joiner) | ‍ | ‍ | ‍ |
Punctuation + typography
| Char | Named | Decimal |
|---|---|---|
| © | © | © |
| ® | ® | ® |
| ™ | ™ | ™ |
| § | § | § |
| ¶ | ¶ | ¶ |
| † | † | † |
| ‡ | ‡ | ‡ |
| • | • | • |
| … | … | … |
| — | — | — |
| – | – | – |
| " | “ | “ |
| " | ” | ” |
| ' | ‘ | ‘ |
| ' | ’ | ’ |
| « | « | « |
| » | » | » |
Currency
| Char | Named | Decimal |
|---|---|---|
| € | € | € |
| £ | £ | £ |
| ¥ | ¥ | ¥ |
| ¢ | ¢ | ¢ |
| ¤ | ¤ | ¤ |
| ₹ | — | ₹ |
| ₽ | — | ₽ |
| ₿ | — | ₿ |
Math + logic
| Char | Named | Decimal |
|---|---|---|
| ± | ± | ± |
| × | × | × |
| ÷ | ÷ | ÷ |
| ≠ | ≠ | ≠ |
| ≤ | ≤ | ≤ |
| ≥ | ≥ | ≥ |
| ≈ | ≈ | ≈ |
| ∞ | ∞ | ∞ |
| √ | √ | √ |
| ° | ° | ° |
| π | π | π |
| ∑ | ∑ | ∑ |
| ∏ | ∏ | ∏ |
| ∫ | ∫ | ∫ |
| ∂ | ∂ | ∂ |
| ∇ | ∇ | ∇ |
Arrows
| Char | Named | Decimal |
|---|---|---|
| ← | ← | ← |
| → | → | → |
| ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |
| ↓ | ↓ | ↓ |
| ↔ | ↔ | ↔ |
| ⇐ | ⇐ | ⇐ |
| ⇒ | ⇒ | ⇒ |
| ⇑ | ⇑ | ⇑ |
| ⇓ | ⇓ | ⇓ |
Greek letters (commonly used)
| Char | Named | Char | Named |
|---|---|---|---|
| α | α | Α | Α |
| β | β | Β | Β |
| γ | γ | Γ | Γ |
| δ | δ | Δ | Δ |
| θ | θ | Θ | Θ |
| λ | λ | Λ | Λ |
| μ | μ | Σ | Σ |
| π | π | Π | Π |
| φ | φ | Φ | Φ |
| ω | ω | Ω | Ω |
Quick rules
- Always encode
< > &in body text. Encode"inside attribute values. - Numeric entities (decimal or hex) work for any Unicode code point — no need to remember named entities for rare characters.
- Decimal vs hex: functionally identical. Hex is more readable when matching Unicode standards (which are always written in hex).
- UTF-8 + meta charset means you can usually paste characters directly without encoding. Entities are still required for
< > & "in HTML body and attributes.
Related tools
Encode/decode HTML in a string: HTML encoder/decoder. URL parameters need different encoding: URL encoder/decoder. To inspect bytes of any character: text to hex.
Featured Tools
Try these free tools directly in your browser — no sign-up required.
HTML Encoder / Decoder
Encode special characters to HTML entities or decode HTML entities back to plain text. Prevent XSS and display HTML code safely in web pages.
URL Encoder / Decoder
Encode or decode URLs and query strings instantly. Convert special characters to percent-encoding and back for safe URL transmission and debugging.
Text to Hex
Convert plain text to hexadecimal encoding instantly. Each character is converted to its hex equivalent. Useful for debugging, encoding, and data analysis.